Sania_Microbiologist

Cell Lines A cell line is permanently established cell culture that will proliferate indefinitely given appropriate fresh medium and space. A cell culture developed from a single cell and therefor consisting of cells with a uniform genetic makeup. There is presence of several cell linkages either similar or distinct. Generally stem cells are used in this culture. After the subculture, the primary culture becomes a cell line and may be propagated and sub cultured several times. Some species, particularly rodents, give rise to lines relatively easily, whereas other species do not. No cell lines have been produced from avian tissues and establishment of cell lines from human tissue is difficult. Continuous cell lines Most of cell lines grow for a limited number of generations after which they cease. Cell lines which either occur spontaneously or induced virally are chemically transformed into continuous cell lines Selection of appropriate cell line Criteria are followed fo

Strain development spectrum for microbial isolation, Identification of Industrially isolated microbes & different approaches for improvement of industrial important strains Strain Strain is a genetic variant of a microbe, plant, and rodents. A strain is a group of species with one or more characteristics that distinguish it from other sub groups of the same species of strain. Each strain is defined by a name, number or letter. Examples: 1.       Flu strain of Influenza virus 2.       Shiga toxin producing E.coli (STEC-O157-:H7) 3.       Klebseilla pneumonia MGH 78578    4.       Klebseilla variicola strain (k. variicola At-22) Strain Improvement or Strain Development: The strain development or strain improvement is a key factor in the development of an antibiotic as a potential therapeutic agent. Strain Improvement:   It is meant for obtaining microbial isolates possessing certain desirable characteristics for solving   a specific problem Strai

Continuous Culture Technique used for Strain Improvement Culture Technique Culture technique provides the growth features of microbial agent, the substrate conversion by the time and how the substrate utilizes. This technique explains how the Batch culture, Fed-batch culture and Continuous culture influence the culture growth. During this system we track the biomass and nutrient concentration. Continuous Culture Technique: It is the technique used for strain improvement and is an “open-culture system” for the cultivation of microbes or cells in which fresh sterilized medium is introduced at a steady flow rate and from which the culture fluid emerges at the same rate. In this technique nutrients are added to the fermenter to increase the volume of medium in vessels continuously and products are removed at same rate. If the substrate is added more than we need then we lose the flow rate regulator and if is added at different intervals then the process become halt.

Biochemical Cycles , problems that our environmental microbes facing and their solutions Biochemical Cycles Carbon Cycle: ·          There are many important processes in the carbon cycle that primarily relate to photosynthesis, decomposition, and deposition. ·          CO 2 is absorbed by various plants and vegetation and converted into carbohydrates via photosynthesis. ·          Carbon travels through the food chain and eventually makes it away into the atmosphere via cellular respiration, burning of fossils or decay of organisms. ·          Carbon travels from ground to atmosphere. ·          Fixation of carbon is carried out by living organisms including plants and animals.     Figure 1 Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle: ·          It has the processes of mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification. ·          Nitrogen fixation occurs from converting Nitrogen gas